Review questions B. Sc Nursing psychology first yearChapter: Introduction to psychology

Review questions

B. Sc Nursing psychology first year

Chapter: Introduction to psychology 

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define the psychology, enlist the methods of psychology and explain them? 

Definition: The word psychology was formed by combining the Greek psyche (meaning “breath, principle of life, life, soul,”) with - logia (which comes from the Greek logos, meaning “speech, word, reason”).

Methods of Psychology: The methods of Psychology is used for gathering information or facts or data by a psychologist.

1. Introspection method (Self observation method)

This is the oldest method in psychology to do research. Introspection means look within. In this method patients observe, analyse and report his or her feelings. This method is less expensive. This method is not for mentally retarded people and children.

2. Observational method ( Systematic observation method)

It is a scientific method and can be verified. It studies the behaviour of an individual scientifically. It has various techniques, that is, PARTICIPATION METHOD, NON PARTICIPATION METHOD, CONTROLLED METHOD and UNCONTROLLED METHOD.

3. Experimental method

It is the most important scientific method used to study human behaviour. This method is popularised and developed by Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (father of psychology). In this method human behaviour is observed in the laboratory. This method is highly effective and expensive.

4. Survey method

This method is very useful for collecting information through two different techniques. One is an interview technique and the other one is questionnaire technique. This method is time consuming and expensive.

5. Questionnaire method

In this method questions are printed and sent to respond requesting them to answer all types of closed questions and sometimes open type questions.

Merits: It is economical, the response will be given time to answer it, very less expensive

Demerits: Useful for only educated, possibilities of wrong answers, sometimes postal delay....

6. Test method

This method is used to measure the talent, skill, and ability of an individual. This method follows true or false techniques to evaluate and improve.

7. Clinical method (Case history)

This is a popular and useful method in the medical field, useful to collect patients history to find reasons and causes for the disease. In this method information can be collected through case history, interactions, home visits....

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

2. Define psychology? How does psychology differ from other subjects?

Definition: The word psychology was formed by combining the Greek psyche (meaning “breath, principle of life, life, soul,”) with - logia (which comes from the Greek logos, meaning “speech, word, reason”).

It differs from other subjects in several ways:

A. Focus: Psychology focuses specifically on human behavior and mental processes, whereas other subjects may focus on different aspects of the world such as physics, biology, or economics.

B. Methodology: Psychology uses a wide range of methodologies to study behavior and mental processes, including experiments, surveys, observations, and case studies. Other subjects may use different methodologies, such as mathematical models or field studies.

C. Interdisciplinary nature: Psychology is an interdisciplinary subject that draws on insights from other fields such as neuroscience, biology, sociology, and anthropology. 

D. Application: Psychology is often applied in practical settings, such as therapy, education, and business. Other subjects may also have practical applications, but psychology's focus on human behavior and mental processes makes it particularly relevant to these areas.

3. Write about the scope of psychology? 

Scope of psychology 

A.  Pure psychology

1. General Psychology

2. Abnormal Psychology

3. Social Psychology

4. Geo Psychology

5. Para Psychology

6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology

B. Applied Psychology

1. Educational Psychology

2. Clinical Psychology

3. Military Psychology

4. Political Psychology

5. Legal Psychology

6. Adult Psychology

7. Experimental Psychology

8. Industrial Psychology

And the above branches in psychology deal with:

(Pure psychology)

1. General Psychology - Normal behaviour

2. Abnormal Psychology - Mentally retarded people

3. Social Psychology - Group dynamics

4. Geo Psychology - It explains the geographical environment with its relationship with human behaviour.

5. Para Psychology - It explains about E. S. P ( Extra Sensory Perception)

Examples: Telepathy, Pre-Recognition....

6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology - Deals with infancy to old-age

(Applied Psychology)

1. Educational Psychology - Explains about education such as thinking, learning, motivation..

2. Clinical Psychology - Explains about diagnosis, treatments....

3. Military Psychology - It deals with military science

4. Political Psychology - It deals with the politics and political behaviour of individuals, formation of government, leadership qualities....

5. Legal Psychology - It deals with legal aspects such as criminals, witnesses, Judges, lawyers....

6. Adult Psychology - It deals with adolescents and their parents, parenthood.

7. Experimental Psychology - It deals with experiments on human behaviour in the laboratory to find a solution for behaviour problems

8. Industrial Psychology - It deals with industrial behaviour in industrial environments.

4. Write the branches of psychology?

(Pure psychology)

1. General Psychology - Normal behaviour

2. Abnormal Psychology - Mentally retarded people

3. Social Psychology - Group dynamics

4. Geo Psychology - It explains geographical environment with its relationship with human behaviour.

5. Para Psychology - It explains about E. S. P ( Extra Sensory Perception)

Example: Telepathy, Pre-Recognition....

6. Developmental Psychology/Genetical Psychology - Deals with infancy to old-age

(Applied Psychology)

1. Educational Psychology - Explains about education such as thinking, learning, motivation..

2. Clinical Psychology - Explains about diagnosis, treatments....

3. Military Psychology - It deals with military science

4. Political Psychology - It deals with politics and political behaviour of individuals, formation of government, leadership qualities....

5. Legal Psychology - It deals with legal aspects such as criminals, witness, Judges, lawyers....

6. Adult Psychology - It deals with adolescents and their parents, parenthood.

7. Experimental Psychology - It deals about experiments on human behaviour in laboratory to find a solution for behaviour problems

8. Industrial Psychology - It deals with industrial behaviour in industrial environment.

5. What are the measurement scales?

In psychology, there are four commonly used measurement scales:

1. Nominal Scale: This scale is used to categorize data into different groups or categories. Examples of nominal scale measurements in psychology include gender, race, or political affiliation.

2. Ordinal Scale: This scale is used to rank data in a specific order, but the distance between the ranks is not known. Examples of ordinal scale measurements in psychology include measures of preferences or attitudes.

3. Interval Scale: This scale is used to measure data on a scale where the distance between the points is known, but there is no true zero point. Examples of interval scale measurements in psychology include measures of temperature or IQ.

4. Ratio Scale: This scale is used to measure data on a scale where the distance between the points is known, and there is a true zero point. Examples of ratio scale measurements in psychology include measures of weight, height, or reaction time.

6. Describe about the case study?

Case study

Which means studying individual in depth. 

• One individual is examined intensively to find out as much as possible about a certain problem or an issue as it relates to that person.

• It is most often used to investigate abnormal behavior.

•  Biographical data, scores on psychological tests and information obtained in extensive interviews are the measures of the case study or case history methods.

• Overgeneralization and non objectivity are the limitations of the case study methods.

7. How applied psychology is useful to solve everyday issues? 

Applied psychology is the use of psychological principles, theories, and research findings to solve real-world problems. It is useful in solving everyday issues in several ways:

1. Personal development: Applied psychology can help individuals improve their personal lives by providing tools and techniques for managing stress, improving communication skills, and enhancing self-esteem and confidence.

2. Health and wellness: Applied psychology can be used to promote healthy behaviors, such as exercise, healthy eating, and smoking cessation. It can also be used to address mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression.

3. Education: Applied psychology can be used to improve teaching and learning by identifying effective teaching methods and strategies for enhancing student motivation and engagement.

4. Business and industry: Applied psychology can be used to improve productivity, workplace satisfaction, and employee well-being. It can also be used to develop effective marketing and advertising strategies.

5. Social issues: Applied psychology can be used to address social issues such as prejudice, discrimination, and inequality. It can also be used to develop interventions to reduce crime and violence.

8. Explain the importance of psychology in nursing?

Importance of psychology in the nursing profession

Combining psychology and nursing addresses both the emotional and physical well-being of patients. Learn more about how nurses can utilize psychology.

By the nature of the profession, many nurses need to be skilled at navigating both the emotional and physical needs of their patients. Due to the close relationships often formed in these types of medical settings, psychology tends to emerge as a key element in daily practice. 

Additionally, nurses are increasingly recognizing the role mental health takes in overall physical well-being.

Given these realities, many nurses will turn to principles of psychology to ensure the best possible outcomes in patient health, communication, and daily relationship building. 

Therefore, it’s important for nursing programs to incorporate psychology alongside their requirements for science and medicine, in turn adding necessary depth and context to the practice.

9. Explain the relationship of psychology with other subjects? 

Here are some examples of the relationship of psychology with other subjects:

1. Biology: Psychology and biology are closely related because the brain and nervous system play a critical role in behavior and mental processes. 

2. Sociology: Psychology and sociology are related because both fields study human behavior. 

3. Anthropology: Psychology and anthropology are related because both fields study human behavior and culture. 

4. Economics: Psychology and economics are related because both fields study decision-making behavior. 

5. Education: Psychology and education are related because both fields are concerned with learning and development. 

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

10. What is meant by the Field Survey Method?

Field survey method is a research technique used in social sciences and other disciplines to collect primary data from a specific population or group of individuals in a natural setting, such as a community, workplace, or public space. 

11. What is meant by  Survey?

Sample survey is a research method used in social sciences and other fields to collect data from a representative sample of a population. 

12. List out the Psychological tests.

 Commonly used psychological tests:

1. Intelligence tests - used to assess cognitive abilities, such as memory, reasoning, and problem-solving. 

2. Personality tests - used to assess individual differences in personality traits, such as extraversion, neuroticism, and openness. 

3. Neuropsychological tests - used to assess cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, and language abilities, in individuals with neurological conditions. 

4. Behavioral assessments - used to measure observable behaviors, such as aggression, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. 

5. Projective tests - used to elicit unconscious thoughts and feelings through ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures. 

6. Clinical interviews - used to gather information about an individual's mental health history, current symptoms, and functioning. 

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1.................refers to the study of facts and principles. (Science)

2. In the definition "psyche" means.......... "logos" means.................... (soul, the study of)

3. Psychology's exact meaning is study of........ (Behaviour)

4. The definition "Psychology is the positive science of behaviour" was defined by...............( J.B. Watson)

5. The meaning of psychology was replaced from............ to.......... .... (study of mind, the study of the soul)

6. The meaning of psychology study of 'soul' was replaced by 'mind' by......... (William James)

7. Psychology is the study of mental and.............. behaviour. (bodily)

8. General psychology deals with........... (general principles of psychology)

9. Dealing with genes on the behaviour of the individuals is called............. psychology. (genetic/developmental)

10. ..........deals with the relationship between the various bodily and mental processes. (Physiological psychology)

11. .........deals with the social behaviour of an individual. (Social psychology)

12. 40's in abnormal psychology are....... (Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction & Dange)

13. Clinical psychology is an...... part of abnormal psychology (applied)

14. Electroconvulsive therapy, counselling, psychotherapy, guidance are used by......... (Clinical psychologist)

15. Education, and industrial vocation psychology are included in...... (applied psychology)

16. The organizational psychology comes under....... (Applied psychology)

17. psychology is the understanding and explanation of behaviour in general through research and........... experiments. (Experimental)

18. The..........psychology is the process of development of behaviour from infancy to old age.(developmental)

19. Organizational psychology was earlier known as........... psychology.(industrial)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Psychology is

a. Study of behaviour.

b. Study of human health. 

c. Study of drugs.

d. Study of disease.

2.The term "Psychology" was derived from words.

a. Greek  b. France d. Italic c. Latin

3. Definition of psychology is

a. Study of the science of mind. 

b. Study of science of consciousness. 

c. Study of the science of behaviour.

d. Study of science of the soul.

4. The second phase which explains the definition of psychology is

a. Science of soul.

b. Science of behaviour.

c. Science of consciousness. 

d. Science of Mind.

5. The definition "Psychology is the study of human behaviour and human relationships was

defined by

a. Woodworth. b. Crow and Crow.

c. Koffka Kurt. d. Boring Langfeld

6. First psychology lost its soul, then it lost its mind, then it lost its consciousness and it still has the behaviour of a sort. This was stated by:

a. K. Clark.              b. Withelm Wundt

c. Crow and Crow  d. R.S. Woodworth

7. Psychology is the study of human nature. This was defined by

a. R.S.Woodworth. b. Boring Langfeld.

c. Dark and Miller.  d. Mc. Dougall.

8. The branch which deals with general principles of psychology is

a. Comparative psychology 

b. Genetic psychology

c. General psychology.

d. Developmental psychology

9. The branch which is similar to genetic paychology is

a. Developmental psychology

b. Animal psychology. 

c. Comparative psychology

d. Educational psychology

 10. The branch which is similar to comparative psychology is

a. Genetic psychology.

b. Animal psychology

c. Developmental psychology 

d. Psychiatry

11. The psychology which deals with the children under the age of 12 is

a.Developmental psychology

b. Child psychology

c. Genetic psychology. 

d. Physiological psychology

12. Greek philosophers defined psychology as

a Study of soul    b. Study of mind

c. Study of mind and body  d. Both a and b

e. None of the above.

12. Much of man's behaviour is determined by innate instincts that are largely unconscious. This was proposed by

a. ABF Skinner        b. JB Watson,

c. Sigmund Freud.  d. HS Sullivan.

14. Which of the following is a branch of pure psychology? 

a. Abnormal psychology 

b. Educational psychology 

c. Clinical psychology 

d. Legal psychology

32. Population survey is otherwise known as

a. introspection.   b. sample survey.

c. survey method d. census survey

33. "Introspection" means

a. looking into oneself

b. looking into others 

c. looking for establishing

d. looking into both oneself and others

34. The experiment method aims at 

a. observational relationship.

b. correlational relationship 

C. cause and effect relationship.

d. survey relationship.

35. AB technique means

a before technique. 

b. before and after technique

c. after technique

d. during the technique. 

36. The scientific study of human and animal behaviour is described by:

a. John  B.Watsun    b. Binet 

c. Freud                      d. Canon

37. Pure psychology provides the

a. framework and theory

b. formulation of psychological principles and theories

c. It provides the information

d. growth and development.

38. The branches of pure psychology are except

a general psychology 

b abnormal psychology

c. social psychology

d. educational paychology

39. The psychology related to weather, climate, soil and landscape with behaviour is known as

a. Geriatric psychology.  b. Geo psychology

c. Geology                        d. Gene ptychology.

40. Astirred up the disturbed state of mind is 

a. emotion    b. attention.

c. mind.         d. behaviour.

41. A well-learned performance is 

a. attention. b. attitude. 

c. habit.        d. emotion.

43. ..........of modification of behaviour is

a. The process a learning.  b. intelligence.

c. maturation.                      d. perception.

Answers: a (1, 2, 9, 14, 22, 23, 24, 26, 33, 37, 40, 42) b (5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 18, 29, 30, 35, 36, 39) c (3, 8, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 34, 41) d (4, 6, 12, 16, 32, 38)

MATCH THE FOLLOWING 

1. Social behaviour - a. Below the age of 12

2. Genetic psychology - b. Clinical psychology 

3. Abnormal behaviour - c. Social psychology 

4. Child psychology - d. Developmental psy

5. Diagnosis and treatment - e. Abnormal                                                                psychology

(Answer: 1. 1-c, 2-d, 3-e, 4-a, 5-b)

TRUE OR FALSE 

1. Psychology is positive science of behaviour

2. Child psychology studies the behaviour of children from birth to about age 12.

3. Psychology is the science of unconsciousness.

4. All one-time psychology was considered as a part of philosophy

5. All the symptoms are popularly labelled as neurotics.

6. The study of diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is environmental psychology

7. A behaviour that interferes with the daily functioning of the individual leading to maladjustment is distress

8. Pychology that deals with genes or genetic influence on the behaviour of the individual are genetic psychology 

9. Applied psychology is devoted to solving practical problems.

10. 40's in abnormal psychology are deviance, distress, decency, and dysfunction.

11. Physiological psychology deals with the relationship between the various bodily and mental psychology

12. General psychology dests with scientific principles of psychology

13. The third phase of psychology mears the science of consciousness.

(Answers: 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13 - True

3, 6, 7, 10, 12 - False)

Daly felicitus, Psychologist, Mahima Nursing College, Parvati Nagar, Ballari